Bulgaria is a country with a total area of 111,000 km2 located in the Eastern Balkan Peninsula in Southeastern Europe neighbored by Romania, Serbia, Macedonia, Greece, and Turkey. The Black Sea is a natural eastern border while the Danube river separates the country from Romania in the North. The country is characterized by diverse topology that includes 31% lowlands (0-200m), 41% hills (200-600m), 25% highlands (600-1600 m) and 3% mountains (>1600m). Bulgaria is classified as an upper-middle-income country with a population of 7.1 million, which has been decreasing since 1998, and a GDP of 55.8 billion USD in 2017, a 3.6% increase from 2016. In 2016, 74.3% of the population lived in urban areas while 25.7% lived in rural areas.
The National Adaptation Strategy has the following sectoral scopes: agriculture, forestry, biodiversity and ecosystems, water, energy, transport, infrastructure and construction, urban environment, human health, and tourism. Bulgaria submitted its Nationally Determined Contribution as part of the European Union in 2016 (NDC, 2016). The country’s diverse climates, geographical location, and priority economic sectors as well as social vulnerability make the country vulnerable to climate change.