| cdd | Max Number of Consecutive Dry Days | days | The maximum length of a dry spell, computed sequentially for the entire time series, then taking the maximum value during each month in the data period (a dry day is defined as any day in which the daily accumulated precipitation < 1 mm) |
| cdd65 | Cooling Degree Days (ref-65°F) | degF | The cumulative number of degrees that the daily average temperature over a given period is above a specified threshold (here 65°F), which is a measurement designed to quantify the demand for energy needed to cool a building. |
| csdi | Cold Spell Duration Index | days | The number of days each year in a sequence of at least six consecutive days during which the value of the daily minimum temperature is less than the 10th percentile of daily minimum temperature calculated for a five-day window centered on each calendar day, using all data for the given calendar day-pentad from the data period for a reference climate (e.g., present-day climate). |
| cwd | Max Number of Consecutive Wet Days | days | This series measures the maximum length of a wet spell, computed sequentially for the entire time series, then taking the maximum value during each month in the data period (a wet day is defined as any day in which the daily accumulated precipitation ≥ 1 mm). |
| fd | Number of Frost Days (Tmin < 0°C) | days | The average aggregated number of days where the daily minimum temperature is < 0°C (= Frost Days) in the data period. A negative value indicates a reduction in the number of Frost Days. |
| gsl | Growing Season Length | days | Span in number of days between the days defining the Growing Season Start and Growing Season End (see below) computed across each of the two hemispheres. |
| gslend | Growing Season Length End | days | Annual series with the day of the year (1st Jan to June 30 in Southern Hemisphere, SH, and 1st July to 31st Dec in Northern Hemisphere, NH) that reflects the first span of at least 6 consecutive days with daily mean temperature T <5C. |
| gslstart | Growing Season Length Start | days | Annual series with the day of the year (1st Jan to June 30 in Northern Hemisphere, NH, and 1st July to 31st Dec in Southern Hemisphere, SH) that reflects the first span of at least 6 consecutive days with daily mean temperature T >5C. |
| hd30 | Number of Hot Days (Tmax > 30°C) | days | The number of days with daily maximum temperature >= 30°C that occurred during the aggregation period. |
| hd35 | Number of Hot Days (Tmax > 35°C) | days | The number of days with daily maximum temperature >= 35°C that occurred during the aggregation period |
| hd40 | Number of Hot Days (Tmax > 40°C) | days | The number of days with daily maximum temperature >= 40°C that occurred during the aggregation period |
| hd42 | Number of Hot Days (Tmax > 42°C) | days | The number of days with daily maximum temperature >= 42°C that occurred during the aggregation period |
| hd45 | Number of Hot Days (Tmax > 45°C) | days | The number of days with daily maximum temperature >= 45°C that occurred during the aggregation period |
| hd50 | Number of Hot Days (Tmax > 50°C) | days | The number of days with daily maximum temperature >= 50°C that occurred during the aggregation period |
| hdcat | Hot Day Heat Risk Categorization | risk factor | Categorization of the occurrence of days above four thresholds for designated Heat Risk Variable. Hot Day Risk Categorization includes, daily maximum temperature: 30C, 35°C, 40°C, and 45°C. If at least 0.5 day surpassed the highest threshold, then the highest category is given, reflecting that "at minimum one day of the year experienced the highest heat level". Risk Factor Categorization: 0-4 represents Low - Extreme Risk. |
| hdd65 | Heating degree days (ref-65°F) | degF | The cumulative number of degrees that the daily average temperature over a given period is below a specified threshold (here 65°F), which is a measurement designed to quantify the demand for energy needed to warm a building. |
| hdtr | Number of Hot Days and Tropical Nights | risk factor | Categorization of the occurrence of days above eight thresholds for designated Heat Risk Variable. Hot Day and Tropical Night Risk Categorization includes daily maximum temperature: 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, and 45°C and nighttime minimum temperature: 20°C, 23°C, 26°C, and 29°C. If at least 0.5 day surpassed the highest threshold, then the highest category is given, reflecting that "at minimum one day of the year experienced the highest heat level". Risk Factor Categorization: 0-4 represents Low - Extreme Risk. |
| hdtrhi | Number of Hot Days and Tropical Nights with Humidity | risk factor | Categorization of the occurrence of days above eight thresholds for designated Heat Risk Variable. Hot Day and Tropical Night with Humidity Risk Categorization includes daily maximum temperature: 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, and 45°C; nighttime minimum temperature: 20°C, 23°C, 26°C, and 29°C and heat index: 35°C, 37°C, 39°C, and 41°C. If at least 0.5 day surpassed the highest threshold, then the highest category is given, reflecting that “at minimum one day of the year experienced the highest heat level”. Risk Factor Categorization: 0-4 represents Low - Extreme Risk. |
| hdtrhipopdensitycat | Temperature and Humidity-Based Heat + Population Risk Categorization | risk factor | Temperature and Humidity-Based Heat + Population Risk Categorization is calculated to account for both climate conditions and high population densities. Categorization was established relative to the highest threshold: daily maximum temperature: 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, and 45°C; nighttime minimum temperature: 20°C, 23°C, 26°C, and 29°C, and heat index: 35°C, 37°C, 39°C, and 41°C, leading to categories 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. If at least 0.5 days surpassed the highest threshold, then the highest categorization is given. Areas with extreme heat but no population are considered less ‘risky’ for a country, than areas with only high to very high heat conditions but with high population density. |
| hdtrpopdensitycat | Temperature-Based Heat + Population Risk Categorization | risk factor | Temperature-Based Heat + Population Risk Categorization is calculated to account for both climate conditions and high population densities. Categorization was established relative to the highest threshold: daily maximum temperature: 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, and 45°C and nighttime minimum temperature: 20°C, 23°C, 26°C, and 29°C, leading to categories 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. If at least 0.5 days surpassed the highest threshold, then the highest categorization is given. Areas with extreme heat but no population are considered less ‘risky’ for a country, than areas with only high to very high heat conditions but with high population density. |
| hi35 | Number of Days with Heat Index > 35°C | days | The number of days where the Heat Index >= 35°C over the aggregation period. The Heat Index is a measure of apparent temperature that includes the influence of atmospheric moisture. High temperatures with high moisture lead to high Heat Index. |
| hi37 | Number of Days with Heat Index > 37°C | days | The number of days where the Heat Index >= 37°C over the aggregation period. The Heat Index is a measure of apparent temperature that includes the influence of atmospheric moisture. High temperatures with high moisture lead to high Heat Index. |
| hi39 | Number of Days with Heat Index > 39°C | days | The number of days where the Heat Index >= 39°C over the aggregation period. The Heat Index is a measure of apparent temperature that includes the influence of atmospheric moisture. High temperatures with high moisture lead to high Heat Index. |
| hi41 | Number of Days with Heat Index > 41°C | days | The number of days where the Heat Index >= 41°C over the aggregation period. The Heat Index is a measure of apparent temperature that includes the influence of atmospheric moisture. High temperatures with high moisture lead to high Heat Index. |
| hicat | Heat Index Heat Risk Categorization | risk factor | Categorization of the occurrence of days above four thresholds for designated Heat Risk Variable. Heat Index Risk Categorization includes, heat index: 35°C, 37°C, 39°C, and 41°C. If at least 0.5 day surpassed the highest threshold, then the highest category is given, reflecting that "at minimum one day of the year experienced the highest heat level". Risk Factor Categorization: 0-4 represents Low - Extreme Risk. |
| hurs | Relative Humidity | % | Based on daily mean relative humidity at 2m as reported by climate models, or derived from specific humidity reported by climate models. |
| id | Number of Ice Days (Tmax < 0°C) | days | This variable represents the average aggregated number of days where the daily maximum temperature is < 0°C in the data period. |
| popcount | Population Count | population | Population Count |
| popdensity | Population Density | population_density | Population Density |
| pov190 | Percentage of Population below $1.90/day | % of population | Poverty as a percent of population below a given poverty classification: $1.90/day, as per World Bank definitions. |
| pov320 | Percentage of Population below $3.20/day | % of population | Poverty as a percent of population below a given poverty classification: $3.20/day, as per World Bank definitions. |
| pov550 | Percentage of Population below $5.50/day | % of population | Poverty as a percent of population below a given poverty classification: $5.50/day, as per World Bank definitions. |
| pr | Precipitation | mm | Aggregated accumulated precipitation. |
| prpercnt | Precipitation Percent Change | % | Projected percent change in total precipitation; anomaly only. |
| r20mm | Number of Days with Precipitation >20mm | days | The number of heavy precipitation days during the aggregation period. A heavy precipitation day is defined as any day in which the daily accumulated precipitation is ≥ 20 mm. |
| r50mm | Number of Days with Precipitation >50mm | days | The number of very heavy precipitation days during the aggregation period. A very heavy precipitation day for r50mm is defined as any day in which the daily accumulated precipitation is ≥ 50 mm. |
| r95ptot | Precipitation amount during wettest days | mm | The accumulated precipitation amount during the 5% wettest days over the data period. |
| rx1day | Average Largest 1-Day Precipitation | mm | The average highest precipitation amount in a 1-day period during each month in the data period. |
| rx5day | Average Largest 5-Day Cumulative Precipitation | mm | The average highest precipitation amount over a consecutive 5-day period during each month in the data period. |
| rxmonth | Average Largest Monthly Cumulative Precipitation | mm | The highest precipitation amount in a month period during each year in the data period. |
| sd | Number of Summer Days (Tmax > 25°C) | days | The number of days where the daily maximum temperature is >= 25°C in the aggregation period. A positive value indicates an increase in the number of Summer Days. |
| spei12 | Annual SPEI Drought Index | spei index | The annual Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index represents a measure of the integrated water deficit in a location, taking into account the contribution of temperature-dependent evapotranspiration. The integration period is 12 months. |
| tas | Average Mean Surface Air Temperature | °C | Average mean temperature over the aggregation period |
| tasmax | Average Maximum Surface Air Temperature | °C | Average daily maximum temperature over the aggregation period |
| tasmin | Average Minimum Surface Air Temperature | °C | Average daily minimum temperature over the aggregation period |
| tccat1 | Tropical Cyclones - Category 1 | | |
| tccat2 | Tropical Cyclones - Category 2 | | |
| tccat3 | Tropical Cyclones - Category 3 | | |
| tccat4 | Tropical Cyclones - Category 4 | | |
| tccat5 | Tropical Cyclones - Category 5 | | |
| tcmajor | Major Tropical Cyclones | | |
| tcminor | Minor Tropical Cyclones | | |
| tcts | Tropical Cyclones | | |
| td | Number of Frost Days (Tmin<0C) | °C | Number of Frost Days (Tmin<0C) |
| tnn | Minimum of Daily Min-Temperature | °C | The single-day minimum value of the daily minimum temperatures over the aggregated data period. |
| tr | Number of Tropical Nights (T-min > 20°C) | days | The number of days where the daily minimum temperature remained >= 20°C over the aggregation period. |
| tr23 | Number of Tropical Nights (T-min > 23°C) | days | The number of days where the daily minimum temperature remained >= 23°C over the aggregation period. |
| tr26 | Number of Tropical Nights (T-min > 26°C) | days | The number of days where the daily minimum temperature remained >= 26°C over the aggregation period. |
| tr29 | Number of Tropical Nights (T-min > 29°C) | days | The number of days where the daily minimum temperature remained >= 29°C over the aggregation period. |
| tr32 | Number of Tropical Nights (T-min > 32°C) | days | The number of days where the daily minimum temperature remained >= 32°C over the aggregation period. |
| trcat | Tropical Night Heat Risk Categorization | risk factor | Categorization of the occurrence of days above four thresholds for designated Heat Risk Variable. Tropical Night Risk Categorization includes, nighttime minimum temperature: 20°C, 23°C, 26°C, and 29°C. If at least 0.5 day surpassed the highest threshold, then the highest category is given, reflecting that “at minimum one day of the year experienced the highest heat level”. Risk Factor Categorization: 0-4 represents Low - Extreme Risk. |
| tx84rr | Temperature-based Excess Mortality | factor | Excess mortality risk factor for daily maximum temperatures > 84th percentile of maximum temperatures in reference period. |
| txx | Maximum of Daily Max-Temperature | °C | The single-day maximum value of the daily maximum temperatures over the aggregated data period. |
| wbt | Wet Bulb Temperature | °C | |
| wsdi | Warm Spell Duration Index | days | The number of days in a sequence of at least six consecutive days during which the value of the daily maximum temperature is greater than the 90th percentile of daily maximum temperature calculated for a five-day window centered on each calendar day, using all data for the given calendar day-pentad from the data period for a reference climate. |
