The Kingdom of Bahrain is an archipelago of more than 36 islands, shoals, and small islets located in the west central part of the Arabian Gulf. The main island of Bahrain accounts for about 85% of the total area and is where Manama, the capital city is located. Oil and natural gas play a dominant role in Bahrain’s economy. Despite the Government’s efforts to diversify the economy, oil still comprises 85% of Bahraini revenues. In the past years, lower oil prices have resulted in budget deficits, in 2017 alone these reached 10%. Bahrain has an arid climate, with very hot summers and relatively mild winters. Mean air temperature fluctuates between 14°C and 41°C. There are two seasons; winter extends from November to April and summer lasts for the rest of the year. Average annual air temperatures have been steadily increasing over the period 1950-2010, while rainfall patterns over the same period are less clear. Most pressing issues in terms of environment include: desertification resulting from the degradation of arable land, droughts, and dust storms; coastal degradation resulting from oil spills and lack of freshwater resources (Second National Communication, 2015).