Panama has a hot and humid, tropical climate, with a long rainy season from May to January and a short dry season from January to May. The rainy season is between May and December and brings an estimated 250-700 millimeters of rainfall across the country. Average annual temperature for the country is 27°C and average total rainfall is 1900 mm annually. However, these statistics vary by region and altitude. Maximum mean temperatures across the country oscillate between 31.1°C and 34.5°C. Minimum temperature ranges from 20.1°C and 22.4°C. Occasional severe storms and forest fires in the Darien Gap are common. Climate variability in Panama is driven mainly by the El Niño Southern Oscillation, tropical cyclones, and sea surface temperatures. Key historical climate trends are summarized below:

Precipitation

• According to historical data, maximum accumulated precipitation in the month of December is about 450 mm for the Republic of Panama, in particular in the provinces of Colón, Coclé, and Comarca Nogöbe Bublé. However, in December 2010 the accumulated precipitation reached levels above 500 mm, with a maximum of 1,000 mm in the provinces of Panamá, Colón, Darién, Comarca Kuna Yala, and Comarca Emberá. 

This section provides the options to visualize historical climate data for different timeframes via map and annual cycle chart.