Climatology
This page presents Estonia's climate context for the current climatology, 1991-2020, derived from observed, historical data. Information should be used to build a strong understanding of current climate conditions in order to appreciate future climate scenarios and projected change. You can visualize data for the current climatology through spatial variation, the seasonal cycle, or as a time series. Analysis is available for both annual and seasonal data. Data presentation defaults to national-scale aggregation, however sub-national data aggregations can be accessed by clicking within a country, on a sub-national unit. Other historical climatologies can be selected from the Time Period dropdown list.
Observed, historical data is produced by the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) of University of East Anglia. Data is presented at a 0.5º x 0.5º (50km x 50km) resolution.
Estonia belongs to the mixed forest sub-region of the Atlantic continental region of the temperate zone and lies in the transition zone between maritime and continental climates. Summers are moderately warm (the mean temperature in July is 16 - 17°C) and winters are moderately cold (the mean temperature in February is between -2.5 and -7°C). The highest daily temperature ever recorded is 35.6°C and the lowest -43.5°C. Mean annual precipitation is 550-700 mm, ranging from 520 mm on some islands to almost 750 mm in the upland. Seasonal variation in precipitation is similar throughout the country, the driest months being February and March. Precipitation gradually increases until July and August, after which it decreases towards winter and spring.