Climatology
This page presents Poland's climate context for the current climatology, 1991-2020, derived from observed, historical data. Information should be used to build a strong understanding of current climate conditions in order to appreciate future climate scenarios and projected change. You can visualize data for the current climatology through spatial variation, the seasonal cycle, or as a time series. Analysis is available for both annual and seasonal data. Data presentation defaults to national-scale aggregation, however sub-national data aggregations can be accessed by clicking within a country, on a sub-national unit. Other historical climatologies can be selected from the Time Period dropdown list.
Observed, historical data is produced by the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) of University of East Anglia. Data is presented at a 0.5º x 0.5º (50km x 50km) resolution.
The Polish climate is characterized by a high degree of weather variability and significant changes in the course of each season. Annual average air temperatures range from 5°C to nearly 9°C. The warmest area is the south-western part of Poland, while the coldest is the north-eastern part of the country and in the mountain areas. A distinctive feature of Poland’s climate characteristic is the number of cold days (with maximum temperatures below 0°C) the country experiences mostly in January. Poland is located in a moderate climate zone and is dominated by four distinct seasons, Autumn from September to November; Winter from December to February; Spring from March to May; and Summer from June to August. Poland has an additional two periods described as early spring (przedwiosnie) and early winter (predzimie). January and February are typically the coldest months. Agricultural cropping seasons, typically occur from spring to autumn.